New approaches in education and health sciences management

New approaches in education and health sciences management

Development and Validation of a Cognitive Empowerment Package Based on Visual, Auditory, and Verbal Processing in Students with Specific Learning Disorder with Impairment in Reading

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Zahra Rajablu
Mohammad Mahdi Shariat Bagheri
Marjan Alizadeh
Department of Clinical and Educational Psychology, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/edus.2026.581961.1101
Abstract
Introduction and Objective: Specific Learning Disorder with impairment in reading is associated with deficits in cognitive processes, including visual, auditory, and verbal processing, which can adversely affect students’ academic performance. Therefore, the present study aimed to develop and validate a cognitive empowerment package based on visual, auditory, and verbal processing for students with Specific Learning Disorder with impairment in reading.

Methods: This study employed a qualitative approach using thematic analysis. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, and ten university experts participated in the validation process. Based on the findings of the thematic analysis, an educational program grounded in cognitive computer games was designed to improve attention, working memory, and visual processing in students with reading disabilities. The content validity of the program was evaluated and confirmed using the Content Validity Ratio (CVR).

Results: The findings indicated that the Content Validity Ratio (CVR) and Content Validity Index (CVI) values for all sessions of the cognitive empowerment package based on visual, auditory, and verbal processing were at acceptable levels. Accordingly, all components and session contents were evaluated by experts as essential, relevant, and appropriate, confirming the content validity of the educational package.

Conclusion: Given the confirmation of the package’s content validity by experts, the proposed cognitive empowerment package can be considered a valid educational framework for strengthening reading-related cognitive processes in students with Specific Learning Disorder with impairment in reading. Nevertheless, further experimental studies are recommended to examine its effectiveness.
Keywords
Cognitive empowerment
visual processing
auditory processing
verbal processing
specific learning disorder with impairment in reading
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New approaches in education and health sciences management
Volume 3, Issue 2
July 2026
Summer 2026
Pages 64-79

  • Receive Date 25 February 2026
  • Revise Date 10 May 2026
  • Accept Date 18 June 2026